Titanium
Titanium offers the strength of many steels at about 55% of the weight, outstanding corrosion resistance (especially to seawater and chlorides) and biocompatibility. Grade 2 (commercially pure) and Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) are used in aerospace, medical, marine and chemical applications.
What it is
Commercially pure grades (1–4) are highly corrosion resistant and formable; Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) is the high-strength workhorse alloy; Grade 23 (ELI) is used for implants. Titanium keeps strength to around 400–500 °C.
It is harder to machine than steel: low thermal conductivity concentrates heat at the tool, so low speeds, sharp tools and plenty of coolant are needed.
Typical applications
- Aerospace fasteners and fittings
- Medical implants and instruments
- Chemical plant and heat exchanger parts
- Marine and desalination components
- Motorsport and high-performance parts
Materials & grades
- Grade 2 (CP titanium)
- Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)
- Grade 7 / Grade 12 (enhanced corrosion)
- Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI)
Points to consider
- Machining is slower; expect higher machining cost.
- Galling occurs against itself; use coatings or dissimilar mating materials.
- Material certificates are essential for aerospace and medical parts.
- Welding needs full inert-gas shielding to avoid contamination.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between titanium Grade 2 and Grade 5?
Grade 2 is commercially pure with excellent corrosion resistance; Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) is an alloy with much higher strength.
Is titanium hard to machine?
It machines slower than steel because heat builds at the tool, requiring rigid setups, sharp tools and lots of coolant.
Does titanium corrode?
It has excellent corrosion resistance, especially to seawater, chlorides and many chemicals.