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Capabilities / Machining / Multi-axis Machining

Machining

Multi-axis Machining

Multi-axis machining uses 4- or 5-axis CNC machines that tilt and rotate the part or spindle, so complex geometry and features on many faces are machined in a single setup. It improves accuracy between features and makes shapes possible that 3-axis machining cannot reach.

What it is

A 4-axis machine adds one rotary axis, typically to index the part and machine several sides. A 5-axis machine adds two rotary axes, letting the tool approach from almost any direction, either positioned (3+2) or moving continuously.

Fewer setups mean fewer re-clamping errors and less handling, which matters for impellers, manifolds, medical and aerospace-style parts, and components with angled holes.

Typical applications

  • Impellers, blades and turbine-type parts
  • Parts with compound-angle holes and faces
  • Complex housings and manifolds
  • Moulds with deep or undercut features
  • Prototype parts needing many faces machined

Suitable materials

  • Aluminium alloys
  • Stainless and alloy steels
  • Titanium and nickel alloys
  • Tool steels
  • Engineering plastics

Points to consider

  • Multi-axis time costs more per hour but can be cheaper overall if it removes several setups.
  • A clean 3D model (STEP) is essential for multi-axis programming.
  • Workholding must leave access to all machined faces; sometimes a sacrificial holding feature is added and removed later.
  • Only specify 5-axis where the geometry needs it; many parts are done economically with 4-axis indexing.

Frequently asked questions

When do I need 5-axis machining?

When a part has features on many angled faces, compound-angle holes, or continuous 3D surfaces such as impeller blades that a 3-axis machine cannot reach.

Is 5-axis machining more expensive?

The hourly rate is higher, but by cutting several setups into one it is often cheaper overall for complex parts, and more accurate.

What is 3+2 machining?

The rotary axes position the part at a fixed angle, then the machine cuts with normal 3-axis moves. It suits angled features without needing full continuous 5-axis motion.